学区房为什么这么贵？背后是一场绕不开的“教育军备竞赛”

Core Viewpoint - The skyrocketing prices of school district housing are driven by the scarcity of quality educational resources, leading parents to invest heavily in properties that provide access to prestigious schools [1][11]. Group 1: Price Dynamics of School District Housing - In major cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen, even dilapidated properties can command exorbitant prices when associated with reputable school districts, with examples showing prices reaching 8 million for a 30 square meter unit in Beijing and over 15,000 per square meter in Shenzhen [1][3]. - Over 70% of parents are willing to pay a premium of more than 20% for school district housing compared to similar properties in the area, indicating a strong market demand driven by educational aspirations [3][5]. Group 2: Educational Resource Disparity - The concentration of quality educational resources is exacerbated by a "Matthew Effect," where top schools attract better students and funding, further enhancing their appeal and leading to a cycle of inequality in education [3][5]. - The limited number of top-tier schools, which account for less than 5% of all schools, creates intense competition among parents, who view school district housing as a necessary investment for their children's future [1][11]. Group 3: Policy Influence on Housing Prices - The current "zoning for enrollment" policy ties housing to educational access, making properties in desirable school districts highly sought after, with stable school district boundaries encouraging parents to invest at high prices [5][7]. - Policies intended to dilute the importance of school district housing, such as "multi-school zoning," have paradoxically increased demand for properties directly linked to prestigious schools, leading to price increases in those areas [7][9]. Group 4: Market Behavior and Speculation - Real estate agents often exploit information asymmetry by promoting speculative narratives about potential school district changes, which can lead to significant price fluctuations based on rumors [9]. - The resilience of school district housing prices during market downturns, such as a mere 0.5% decline in popular school district properties compared to a 3% drop in the overall market, highlights their perceived value as stable investments [7][9]. Group 5: Future Outlook - Despite attempts to cool the school district housing market through various educational reforms, the fundamental issue of resource scarcity remains, suggesting that high prices will persist as long as parents continue to feel anxious about their children's educational opportunities [9][11].