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江西农大学子三下乡:土地学科视角下的广昌莲田耕地现状调研 三下乡实践深入田间,聚焦耕地现状问题
Zhong Guo Shi Pin Wang·2025-07-10 02:58

Core Insights - The article highlights the challenges faced in lotus cultivation in Yaoxi Scenic Area, including labor shortages, land degradation, and insufficient policy support, which are critical for rural revitalization efforts [1][2][3][4] Labor Shortage - The aging population in lotus farming is significant, with 67% of farmers being over 58 years old, while only 12% are under 45, indicating a severe labor shortage [1] - Over 60% of farmers have resorted to using herbicides instead of manual weeding due to labor shortages, exacerbating land degradation [2] Land Degradation and Production Overexploitation - 62% of the lotus ponds in the core cultivation area show varying degrees of degradation, with average soil bulk density at 1.52 g/cm³, exceeding suitable farming standards by 18% [2] - Continuous cultivation for 10 years has led to a 30% decrease in yield, and soil organic matter has declined by 27% since 2016 [2] - The use of fertilizers is excessively high at 300-400 kg/hectare, 1.3 times the national average, with a low fallow rate of less than 5%, indicating severe overexploitation of land [2] Insufficient Policy Support - Current government subsidies for lotus cultivation are inadequate, with only 120 yuan per acre compared to a cost of 2000 yuan, leading to a significant gap in financial support [3] - The existing subsidies for lotus are only 32% of those for grain crops, highlighting a policy shortfall [3] - A proposed increase in subsidies to 70% of grain crop levels could enhance farmers' willingness to adopt ecological practices by 40% [3] Proposed Solutions - The research team suggests a collaborative optimization approach addressing labor, land, and policy issues, including promoting a "land trust + professional lotus farmer" model [4] - A "lotus-rice-purple clover" crop rotation system is proposed, with a subsidy of 300 yuan per acre to improve soil organic matter by 0.5 percentage points annually [4] - Establishing a "land quality value assessment system" to include lotus cultivation areas in provincial land protection compensation schemes is recommended [4]