年年都称史上最热夏天，但欧洲人为什么就不装空调？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the increasing heat waves in Europe, highlighting the low air conditioning penetration rate and the challenges faced by residents in coping with extreme temperatures [1][28][31]. Group 1: Air Conditioning Penetration and Usage - Air conditioning penetration in Europe is significantly lower than in China and the United States, with only 20% of households having air conditioning, and even lower rates in Germany (3%), the UK (3%), and France (5%) [1][28]. - The European Union accounted for only 1.2% of global cooling energy consumption in 2016, indicating a limited reliance on air conditioning compared to other regions [4][28]. Group 2: Challenges in Air Conditioning Installation - Installing air conditioning in Europe is complicated by legal and policy restrictions, requiring permits and approvals that can take months to obtain [11][13]. - The high cost of air conditioning units and installation, ranging from €1,850 to €2,900 (approximately 15,600 to 24,500 RMB), makes it a significant financial burden for many residents [16][18]. - The short duration of high temperatures in many parts of Europe (typically 2-4 weeks) reduces the perceived value of investing in air conditioning [19][20]. Group 3: Alternative Cooling Solutions - Many Europeans prefer to spend time in air-conditioned public spaces such as shopping centers and cinemas during heat waves, which is often more cost-effective than installing air conditioning at home [8][24]. - Government initiatives, such as providing cooling centers and free access to public facilities for vulnerable populations during heat waves, help mitigate the impact of extreme temperatures [25][28]. Group 4: Climate Change and Future Considerations - The increasing frequency and intensity of heat waves due to climate change pose a public health risk, leading to discussions about the need for more widespread air conditioning [29][31]. - Balancing the need for cooling with environmental commitments, such as the EU's goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030, presents a significant challenge for policymakers [30][31].