“大而美”法案削减医疗补助，美国经济会好吗

Core Viewpoint - The "Big and Beautiful" tax and spending bill passed by the U.S. House of Representatives may not yield the optimistic outcomes that Republicans envision, particularly regarding its impact on social safety nets and the economy [1][5]. Summary by Sections Tax and Spending Changes - The bill extends tax cuts for corporations and individuals initiated during Trump's first term in 2017, including tax exemptions for certain tip and overtime income, while also lowering corporate taxes [2]. - It represents a significant shift in U.S. spending priorities, with major cuts to social security programs like Medicaid and SNAP, and increased funding for tax cuts, defense, and immigration enforcement [2]. Impact on Social Safety Nets - The bill imposes stricter eligibility requirements for Medicaid, requiring individuals aged 19-64 to work at least 80 hours per month to qualify for insurance, which could severely limit access for many low-income individuals [3]. - The reduction in Medicaid funding and support for low-income families may lead to a diminished safety net, adversely affecting those who rely on these programs for basic healthcare and food assistance [3][4]. Economic Implications - The Congressional Budget Office estimates that the bill will increase the national debt by $3.3 trillion over the next decade, exacerbating the federal government's financial situation [5]. - There are concerns that tax cuts may not lead to immediate investment growth, as manufacturing jobs continue to decline and hiring in retail and services remains sluggish [5]. Societal Consequences - The reduction in social safety net spending could potentially lead to increased crime rates and a decline in birth rates, with the U.S. experiencing its lowest birth rate since 1979 [6]. - The bill reflects a traditional Republican economic policy approach, but its long-term effects on the economy and society may be profound and divisive [6].