系统治理农村黑臭水体，严防“返黑返臭”

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the need for a systematic approach to rural black and odorous water body governance, addressing issues such as oversimplification, unsuitable treatment processes, and inadequate post-management. Group 1: Systematic Governance Approach - The governance should follow the technical route of "controlling sources, internal source treatment, water system connectivity, and ecological restoration" tailored to local conditions [1] - A "one river (canal) one policy" approach is recommended, which requires thorough research and prioritizes low-cost, easy-to-maintain treatment processes while clearly defining governance goals, operational costs, and responsible parties [1] Group 2: Resource and Ecological Governance - Emphasis on resource-oriented and ecological governance by integrating with courtyard economy and environmental landscape construction to utilize rural domestic sewage [1] - Promotion of ecological aquaculture, combined livestock and poultry farming, and soil testing-based fertilization techniques to reduce pollutant discharge at the source [1] Group 3: Maintenance Mechanism - Establishment of a maintenance mechanism to ensure governance effectiveness, with clear responsibilities at various levels for the maintenance of treated water bodies [2] - Regular inspections and maintenance to prevent the recurrence of black and odorous conditions, supported by budget inclusion and market-based professional operations for funding and technical support [2] - Encouragement of community participation and establishment of a public disclosure mechanism for governance status, integrating it into relevant assessment indicators to enforce long-term maintenance responsibilities [2]