学者：稳定币创新急需监管，但面临匿名身份识别、资金流向追踪等难点

Core Insights - The roundtable at Fudan University focused on the issue of stablecoins from an interdisciplinary perspective, highlighting their role as digital assets that combine the cross-border efficiency of cryptocurrencies with the value stability of fiat currencies [1][4] - Stablecoins are categorized into three main models: fiat-collateralized (e.g., USDT, USDC), crypto-collateralized (e.g., MakerDAO's DAI), and algorithmic [1][5][6] - Regulatory frameworks for stablecoins are emerging globally, with significant legislation such as the EU's MiCA, the US's GENIUS Act, and Hong Kong's Stablecoin Regulation, marking a shift from unregulated to regulated environments [2][4][9] Summary by Category Stablecoin Characteristics - Stablecoins are digital representations of fiat currencies, managed through blockchain technology, allowing for unlimited issuance unlike Bitcoin's capped supply [1][3] - They serve as mediums of exchange, payment methods, and stores of value, often offering higher interest rates than traditional savings [3] Types of Stablecoins - Fiat-Collateralized: Examples include USDT and USDC, which are pegged 1:1 to fiat currencies, with USDT facing transparency issues while USDC adheres to US regulatory frameworks [5] - Crypto-Collateralized: Such as MakerDAO's DAI, which uses cryptocurrencies like ETH as collateral, typically requiring a collateralization ratio above 150% [6][7] - Algorithmic: These stablecoins adjust supply dynamically through smart contracts, but the 2022 UST de-pegging incident revealed vulnerabilities in purely algorithmic mechanisms [6][8] Regulatory Landscape - The introduction of regulations signifies a transition to a more structured environment for stablecoins, with the MiCA law in the EU set to take effect on December 31, 2024, alongside the US and Hong Kong regulations [2][4][9] - Regulatory challenges include identity verification on blockchain, tracking fund flows, ensuring transaction compliance, and coordinating across different jurisdictions [10][11] Future Trends - The future of stablecoins is expected to see a synergy between regulation and innovation, deeper technological integration, and a reshaping of market dynamics, with leading institutions leveraging their technological and capital advantages [2][13]