新闻调查丨治理电池、打击改装！电动自行车全链条安全加码

Core Viewpoint - The rapid increase in electric bicycle-related fire incidents in China highlights significant safety issues across the entire production, sales, usage, and management chain, prompting the government to initiate comprehensive safety rectification actions starting in April 2024 [1] Group 1: Fire Incidents and Safety Concerns - The number of fire incidents caused by electric bicycles rose from 18,000 in 2021 to 25,000 in 2023, indicating a critical safety concern [1] - Approximately 90% of these fire incidents are attributed to electrical issues, with 70-80% specifically linked to battery failures [3][4] Group 2: Battery Quality and Standards - The primary types of batteries used in electric bicycles are lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries, with lithium-ion batteries being favored for their higher energy density and longer range, despite safety concerns [4] - The quality of lithium-ion batteries varies significantly among manufacturers, leading to frequent fire incidents [7] - In response to safety issues, the Beijing Bicycle and Electric Vehicle Industry Association has developed group standards for lithium-ion batteries, which have been adopted to improve safety [8] Group 3: Regulatory Actions and Standards Implementation - The newly released national standard for lithium-ion batteries (GB 43854-2024) will be implemented on November 1, 2024, mandating unique coding for battery packs and clear labeling of safety usage limits [8] - The revised national standard for electric bicycles (GB 17761-2024) will take effect on September 1, 2025, introducing a safety usage lifespan requirement for manufacturers [12] Group 4: Usage and Modification Issues - Improper modifications, such as altering battery capacity and speed limits, are significant contributors to fire risks, particularly in the delivery industry where high-performance demands lead to unsafe practices [14][16] - The practice of "unlocking" speed limits has become a common but risky behavior among consumers, complicating regulatory enforcement [17] Group 5: Charging Infrastructure and Management - Beijing has established over 1.36 million charging interfaces for electric bicycles, achieving a 3:1 ratio of bicycles to charging points, but challenges remain in ensuring usage [27] - New charging facilities, including simplified charging boxes and cabinets, are being developed to address the needs of residents, although adoption rates are still low [29]