担心的事终于发生！数千吨稀土被运往美国，这两国应该列入黑名单

Group 1 - The core issue is the significant increase in antimony oxide imports to the U.S. from Thailand and Mexico, which lack relevant industrial chains, indicating potential circumvention of export restrictions on Chinese rare earth resources [3][6]. - From December 2023 to April 2024, the U.S. imported 3,834 tons of antimony oxide from Thailand and Mexico, surpassing the total imports from the previous three years [3]. - The imports from Thailand and Mexico have surged despite these countries not being in the top ten overseas customers for Chinese antimony exports in 2023, highlighting a shift in trade patterns [3][6]. Group 2 - Industry experts emphasize the critical role of minerals like antimony and gallium in global supply chains, particularly in telecommunications and military technologies, with the U.S. fifth-generation fighter jet industry heavily reliant on gallium imports [7]. - Despite a year-long export ban on rare earths from China, there are still instances of smuggling and third-party exports to the U.S., indicating gaps in enforcement [7][12]. - Recommendations include implementing a blockchain-based electronic ID for rare earth shipments to enhance traceability and prevent misreporting and smuggling [9][12]. Group 3 - To improve export control measures, it is suggested that penalties for smuggling be increased, categorizing it as a "national security crime" and pursuing criminal liability for organizers [12]. - Importers should be required to provide real user information and undergo random inspections to ensure compliance with declared purposes [9][12]. - Countries like Thailand and Mexico, which have seen abnormal increases in imports, should be closely monitored, and their smelting capacity should be verified [9][12].