我国海洋碳汇工作进展如何？如何进一步推进海洋碳汇核算体系发展？

Core Insights - The ocean is recognized as the largest carbon sink on Earth, with significant carbon storage capacity, efficiency, and longevity. The Chinese government has emphasized enhancing ecological carbon sink capabilities, particularly through marine carbon sinks, to support high-quality marine economic development [1][4]. Group 1: Marine Carbon Sink Development - The marine carbon sink primarily consists of coastal ecosystem carbon sinks, fishery carbon sinks, and microbial carbon sinks, with coastal ecosystems like mangroves, seagrass beds, and salt marshes being the most significant [1]. - The establishment of a marine carbon sink accounting system is crucial for assessing the capacity and potential of marine carbon sinks, which will aid in achieving China's carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals while providing a scientific basis for marine carbon trading and enhancing international influence [1][4]. Group 2: International Standards and Methodologies - The international marine carbon sink accounting system is still in development, with the concept of "blue carbon" introduced in 2009, highlighting the role of marine carbon sinks in climate change regulation [2]. - Current international standards focus on coastal ecosystems, with guidelines from the IPCC and methodologies for carbon stock assessment and monitoring established by various organizations [2][3]. Group 3: China's Marine Carbon Sink Initiatives - China has a vast marine carbon sink resource potential, with approximately 3 million square kilometers of jurisdictional sea area and 18,000 kilometers of coastline. The government has initiated various policies to explore marine carbon sink practices since 2012 [4][5]. - The first comprehensive marine carbon sink accounting standard was released in 2022, providing unified technical specifications and guidance for marine carbon sink accounting in China [5]. Group 4: Regional Efforts and Innovations - Local governments have been proactive in developing marine carbon sink standards and practices, with regions like Guangdong and Hainan implementing specific guidelines and pilot projects to enhance marine carbon sink capabilities [6]. - Innovative projects, such as the first marine carbon sink loan and the first fishery carbon sink trading project, have been successfully executed in various provinces, showcasing the practical application of marine carbon sink initiatives [6]. Group 5: Challenges in Marine Carbon Sink Accounting - Despite progress, challenges remain in marine carbon sink accounting, including unclear accounting boundaries, varying carbon storage cycles, and a lack of standardized methodologies [7]. - The scientific understanding of certain marine carbon sink types is still insufficient, which hampers the development of assessment standards and accounting methodologies [7]. Group 6: Future Directions and Recommendations - There is a need to enhance the recognition of marine carbon sinks in national strategies, integrating them with climate change responses and the goal of building a strong marine nation [8]. - Recommendations include improving the marine carbon sink accounting standard system, strengthening scientific research, and fostering international cooperation to establish a unified accounting framework [9][10].