欧盟公布最终版《通用人工智能行为准则》，如何影响汽车业？

Core Viewpoint - The European Union's newly released "General Artificial Intelligence Code of Conduct" introduces significant regulatory challenges for the automotive industry, particularly in the context of smart and connected vehicles [3][4]. Group 1: Regulatory Framework - The "Code" serves as an extension of the EU's "Artificial Intelligence Act," focusing on transparency, copyright, safety, and security for AI models used in the automotive sector [4]. - The Code will take effect on August 2, 2025, requiring companies to comply with regulations for AI models built before this date within two years, while models developed after must comply within one year [4]. - The EU adopts a strict risk-based regulatory model, categorizing AI applications into unacceptable, high, medium, and low-risk, with high-risk applications requiring pre-assessment and ongoing monitoring [4]. Group 2: Challenges for the Automotive Industry - Automotive companies must transition from "black box" decision-making to transparent compliance, particularly for Level 2+ autonomous driving systems, which must disclose algorithms, training data sources, and decision logic [5]. - Compliance costs are expected to rise, with estimates indicating a 15%-20% increase in the development costs of intelligent systems per vehicle due to the need for algorithm explainability and real-time monitoring systems [5]. - The automotive sector faces new challenges in copyright compliance and user data governance, necessitating renegotiation of licensing agreements with content copyright holders and ensuring compliance with the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) [6]. Group 3: Business Model Innovation - The shift from "data-driven" to "compliance-driven" business models will impact over-the-air (OTA) updates, requiring prior notification to regulatory bodies for changes involving AI model parameters [7]. - Chinese automotive companies exporting to the EU must embed multi-regional compliance modules in their AI systems, ensuring data localization for the EU market [7]. Group 4: Strategic Responses - Automotive companies are advised to establish an AI compliance committee to oversee technical development, legal, and data security departments, and recruit professionals with expertise in EU AI regulations and GDPR [8]. - Long-term strategies should include partnerships with EU-certified open data platforms and content distributors to mitigate infringement risks and the development of lightweight, auditable AI models [9]. - Companies must balance technological innovation with regulatory compliance, as the Code may increase compliance costs but also drive responsible innovation in AI technology [9][10].