2024年驾驭新经济生成式AI对全球行业与区域经济的影响研究报告

Group 1 - Generative AI (GenAI) is expected to significantly reshape global productivity, industry dynamics, and regional economies over the next decade, with a focus on its impact on total factor productivity (TFP) across various sectors [1][4][22] - The healthcare sector is projected to be the largest beneficiary of GenAI, with TFP growth estimated between 1.2% and 2.5% by 2033, driven by advancements in diagnostics, patient management, and operational efficiencies [2][35] - Advanced manufacturing, particularly in computer and medical equipment, is also set to experience substantial TFP gains, estimated at 1.0% to 2.4%, as GenAI transforms production processes and supply chain management [3][35] Group 2 - Developed regions such as Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, and North America are expected to see the most significant GDP growth due to GenAI, with increases ranging from 1.0% to 2.3% in these areas by 2033 [4][22] - In contrast, regions like South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa are anticipated to experience limited GDP growth, with TFP improvements only between 0.05% and 0.1%, due to weaker technological infrastructure and talent shortages [4][8] - The report highlights that GenAI's influence extends beyond direct productivity gains, as it also affects trade and capital flows, creating a cycle of economic expansion in regions that rapidly adopt these technologies [5][22] Group 3 - The report indicates a widening gap between industries benefiting from GenAI and those lagging behind, with sectors like education, public administration, and professional services also poised for significant productivity enhancements [6][22] - Conversely, industries such as agriculture, construction, and traditional mining are expected to see modest TFP growth, ranging from 0.2% to 1.0%, due to their lower labor cost structures and higher dependency on manual processes [6][22] - The spillover effects of GenAI are noted, where industries with limited direct application can still benefit indirectly from growth in manufacturing and services, leading to increased demand in sectors like real estate and utilities [6][8] Group 4 - The uneven distribution of GenAI's productivity benefits is reshaping global competitiveness, with Western economies likely to achieve TFP increases of 0.9% to 1.8%, primarily in healthcare and manufacturing [7][22] - Emerging markets in Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America, and ASEAN are expected to see moderate TFP growth of 0.3% to 0.7%, often through the adoption of GenAI technologies in manufacturing processes [7][8] - The report emphasizes that regions with lower capital mobility may find new opportunities in traditional sectors as demand for basic products rises in developed countries focusing on GenAI-intensive industries [8][22]