多家金融机构入局 碳信用代币化引发关注

Core Viewpoint - The tokenization of carbon credits is expected to enhance market liquidity and provide low-cost, divisible carbon neutrality tools for enterprises, while potential risks should not be overlooked [1][3]. Group 1: Industry Developments - Northern Trust announced a collaboration with SWIFT to explore trading tokenized assets like carbon credits through commercial bank accounts in Australia [1]. - JPMorgan's blockchain division, Kinexys, is developing a new blockchain application aimed at tokenizing global carbon credits to address standardization and transparency issues in the voluntary carbon market (VCM) [1]. Group 2: Tokenization Projects - Flowcarbon (GNT): An open-source protocol based on Celo that promotes institutional capital into climate change mitigation through tokenization [2]. - Klima DAO (KLIMA): Encourages emission reductions by raising carbon asset prices, with each token backed by real-world carbon assets [2]. - Nori (NRT): A blockchain-based carbon offset platform that addresses issues of double counting and fraud in existing markets [2]. - JustCarbon (JCR, JCG): Connects project developers and buyers through a symbiotic token system, supporting high-quality carbon removal projects [2]. - Toucan Protocol (TC02, BCT): Converts carbon credits into tokens, enhancing market transparency and liquidity through carbon bridges and pools [2]. - Coorest ($CC02): Generates tokens equivalent to the carbon absorbed by trees, linking them to real-world forestry [2]. - Moss Earth (MC02): Simplifies the offset process through blockchain technology, focusing on protecting native forests, reforestation, and carbon sequestration [2]. Group 3: Significance of Tokenization - Carbon credit tokenization creates a new category of digital assets, attracting more investors and increasing funding and liquidity in the carbon market [2]. - The decentralized architecture of blockchain allows carbon credits, which are typically fragmented and hard to price, to become standardized tokens that can be traded freely and priced in real-time [2]. - On-chain data is immutable and fully auditable, preventing double counting and enhancing market credibility [2]. Group 4: Challenges and Risks - The complexity of technology introduces risks of financial fraud, as the tokenization process involves intricate blockchain technology and smart contracts [3]. - Global liquidity may exacerbate regional imbalances, as the tokenization of carbon credits could amplify disparities between developed and developing nations [3]. - The certification of underlying assets remains centralized, despite blockchain's improvements in transparency and traceability [3].