冯德莱恩：产能过剩必须从源头解决，不能简单转移到全球市场

Core Viewpoint - The EU is seeking to rebalance its economic relationship with China, focusing on market access for European companies and easing export controls on rare earths, amidst ongoing trade tensions and challenges in the EU-China relationship [1][3]. Economic Relations - The EU's trade surplus with China reached $357 billion in 2024, attributed to fair market competition and the growth of China's manufacturing sector, rather than unfair practices [5][14]. - The EU is concerned about China's manufacturing subsidies leading to overcapacity, which it views as a threat to trade balance [6][10]. Trade Disputes - Recent trade disputes include China's restrictions on EU medical device imports and anti-dumping duties on EU brandy, indicating ongoing tensions ahead of the upcoming EU-China summit [8][13]. - The upcoming summit, intended to celebrate the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations, is overshadowed by these trade disagreements, potentially leading to a shortened meeting [8][13]. Rare Earths and Resource Supply - The EU is pushing for China to relax its export controls on rare earth materials, which are critical for various industries, while also seeking to develop alternative supply sources [10][11]. - China currently dominates the global rare earth market, accounting for two-thirds of mining and 92% of refining, giving it significant leverage in negotiations [10][11]. Strategic Choices - The EU faces a strategic decision in its relationship with China, balancing pressures from the US and the need for stable partnerships with major economies [15][16]. - A potential collaboration between the EU and China could mitigate the impact of US tariffs, highlighting the importance of cooperation over conflict [15].