欧盟翻脸了？压倒性决议通过，给中国下最后通牒：30天内开放稀土

Core Viewpoint - The European Parliament passed a resolution condemning China's rare earth export policies, claiming they violate international trade rules and constitute unfair trade practices. The resolution demands a resolution to the rare earth supply issue within 30 days, or it may impact China-EU trade relations [1][10]. Group 1: China's Export Policies - China requires importers to provide detailed usage descriptions and company backgrounds when exporting rare earth materials, which the EU interprets as overly sensitive information [3][6]. - The requirement for information is seen as a reasonable measure for a strategic resource critical to national security and industrial development, similar to controls imposed by the US, Japan, and the EU on military materials [3][6]. - China's measures are not a blanket ban but rather targeted controls to ensure rare earths are not misused, emphasizing that the country has not announced a comprehensive export ban [3][10]. Group 2: Global Rare Earth Market Dynamics - Rare earths are not scarce resources, but China leads in high-purity and high-processing rare earth production, essential for modern technologies like chips, lasers, and electric vehicles [3][6]. - The EU relies on China for over 98% of its rare earth permanent magnet materials, creating a dependency while simultaneously resisting the responsibility of domestic mining [9][10]. - Despite attempts to reduce reliance on Chinese rare earths through various mining projects, the EU has faced significant challenges, with many projects remaining in the research phase or blocked by environmental concerns [9][10]. Group 3: Political and Economic Implications - The EU's actions are viewed as politicizing economic issues and transforming security concerns into economic disputes, with China asserting that the EU's resolution lacks legal validity [10][12]. - China's rare earth management is framed as a strategic protection of its industrial capabilities, having historically provided affordable and high-quality rare earth products to support global technological advancements [10][12]. - The recent issues with rare earth transshipment trade highlight the need for transparency and adherence to regulations, as some countries circumvent controls through third-party channels [10][12].