特朗普笑了！又一东南亚国家和美国敲定“协议”，瞄准稀土开始反击了？

Core Points - The announcement of a "milestone" trade agreement between the U.S. and Indonesia has sparked international debate regarding its implications for Indonesia's economy and its potential as an unequal treaty [1] - The agreement includes significant commitments from Indonesia to purchase U.S. goods valued at $19 billion, with some reports suggesting up to $40 billion, while imposing a 19% tariff on Indonesian exports to the U.S. [1][3] - The inclusion of a "double tariff" clause targets China by imposing additional tariffs on Indonesian goods containing foreign materials, aiming to sever supply chain ties with China [1][3] Trade Agreement Details - The agreement stipulates that Indonesia will buy U.S. products, including agricultural and energy goods, and 50 Boeing aircraft [1] - Indonesia is required to pay a 19% tariff on its exports to the U.S., while U.S. exports to Indonesia will be exempt from tariffs [1] - The "double tariff" clause is seen as a strategic move to isolate China from Southeast Asian supply chains [1][3] Strategic Implications - The agreement's strategic significance lies in its provisions for cooperation in key minerals, particularly nickel and copper, which are crucial for U.S. supply chains [3][4] - Indonesia's cooperation in rare earth elements is viewed as a shift in alignment amid U.S.-China resource competition, potentially undermining China's dominance in critical resource sectors [4][6] - The U.S. aims to weaken China's influence in resource markets while addressing its own supply chain vulnerabilities [6] Regional Context - Indonesia is not the only Southeast Asian nation targeted by the U.S.; Vietnam has also been approached for trade agreements, reflecting a broader strategy to engage the region [7] - The precarious position of Southeast Asian countries is highlighted, as they navigate the pressures of U.S. trade policies while maintaining relationships with China [7] - Indonesia's recent pivot towards the U.S. raises concerns about the future of its investments and diplomatic relations with China, particularly in light of significant Chinese investments in Indonesia [7] Global Reactions - China is responding to U.S. resource strategies by emphasizing dialogue and leveraging its full supply chain advantages in rare earth elements [9] - The U.S. trade protectionism is seen as a manifestation of economic anxiety, prompting potential counteractions from allies like the EU and Japan [9] - The ongoing competition over rare earths and supply chains indicates that the geopolitical landscape in the Asia-Pacific region is evolving, with significant implications for future economic dynamics [9]