可控核聚变商业化进程加速，能源自由还有多远？

Group 1 - The exploration of commercializing controlled nuclear fusion is gaining momentum, with various enterprises participating in discussions and showcasing innovations in the field [1] - China is at the forefront of controlled nuclear fusion technology, with several A-share companies disclosing their involvement in this sector, including Lianchuang Optoelectronics, Yingjie Electric, and Hezhuo Intelligent [1] - Controlled nuclear fusion is expected to bring a qualitative change to human civilization, as stated by Liu Minsheng, the director of the New Energy Research Institute [1] Group 2 - There are multiple technical routes for controlled nuclear fusion, with hydrogen-boron fusion being highlighted as the most commercially viable due to its abundant fuel, low cost, and safety [2] - Compared to conventional energy sources, nuclear fusion has the potential to release energy at a significantly higher rate, with one nuclear reaction releasing energy over 1 million times that of a chemical reaction [3] - Nuclear fusion remains in the experimental stage, with most experiments proving scientific feasibility but not commercial viability [3] Group 3 - Hydrogen-boron fusion has shown commercial potential, with New Energy starting research on this technology in 2017 and setting a goal to verify its commercial feasibility by 2035 [4] - The "Xuanlong-50" device, built by New Energy, achieved a world record for electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) with a current drive of 170 kA [5] - The upgraded "Xuanlong-50U" is expected to achieve significant advancements, including a plasma discharge of 40 million degrees Celsius and a strong magnetic field operation [6] Group 4 - Global collaboration is essential for advancing nuclear fusion technology, as emphasized by experts from various countries and organizations, including the ITER project [7] - Hydrogen-boron fusion faces challenges, such as achieving the ideal reaction temperature exceeding 1 billion degrees, but research into non-equilibrium states and fuel optimization shows promise [7][8] - The goal of entering the fusion reactor phase by 2035 is set by New Energy, aiming to contribute to the first electricity generated from fusion energy in China [9]