曾经是世界上最大的城市，差一点成了首都，现在却成为四线小城市

Core Viewpoint - Xi'an, a city with rich historical significance, has experienced a decline in its status and economic vitality, transitioning to a fourth-tier city. The article explores the reasons behind this change, the city's advantages and disadvantages, and strategies for revitalization. Group 1: Advantages of Xi'an - Deep historical and cultural heritage, including famous sites like the Terracotta Army and the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, which serve as a foundation for national spirit and cultural promotion [4] - Strategic geographical location in central China, facilitating economic development and maintaining national unity [4] - Abundant natural resources in Xi'an and surrounding areas, providing a solid material basis for sustainable development [6] Group 2: Disadvantages of Xi'an - Economic development is relatively lagging compared to coastal cities, with 2023 data indicating lower GDP growth and per capita GDP than first-tier cities, reflecting insufficient economic vitality [6] - Incomplete transportation infrastructure, with ongoing improvements in high-speed rail and airport construction, but still lacking compared to international metropolises [6] - Significant environmental pollution issues, with 2023 reports showing PM2.5 levels and water quality indicators not meeting ideal standards, necessitating enhanced environmental governance [6] Group 3: Reasons for Not Becoming the Capital - Multiple political factors influenced the decision, including Mao Zedong's preference for Beijing, Soviet support for Beijing, and recommendations from leaders like Wang Jiaxiang [8] - Strategic security considerations, with Beijing's military defense capabilities and openness being critical factors in the capital selection [8] - Superior existing infrastructure and support systems in Beijing for political, economic, and cultural functions [8] Group 4: Impacts of Not Becoming the Capital - Missed opportunities for becoming a central city, resulting in a lack of policy support and resource allocation compared to Beijing [8] - Increased economic development pressure, widening the gap with developed eastern regions and complicating economic transformation [8] - Population and talent outflow, with 2023 data showing Xi'an's challenges in attracting high-end talent and maintaining population growth compared to first-tier cities [8] Group 5: Strategies for Revitalization - Enhance governance levels by focusing on people-centered development, improving public services, education, and healthcare to boost residents' well-being [9] - Seize national strategic opportunities by actively participating in initiatives like the Belt and Road and Western Development, expanding external cooperation to enhance regional influence [9] - Leverage historical and cultural advantages to promote tourism and support innovation and entrepreneurship, revitalizing the city's internal dynamics [11]