有涝有旱，如何精准应对？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant regional droughts and floods in China during the critical flood prevention period of "July to August," highlighting the government's response and measures taken to manage water-related disasters [1][2]. Flood and Drought Characteristics - The national rainfall has shown five characteristics since the onset of the flood season: multiple strong rainfall events, early typhoon landfalls, frequent flooding in small and medium rivers, varying water levels in major rivers, and significant droughts in certain areas [2]. - A total of 19 strong rainfall events occurred, which is two more than the average for the same period [2]. - Flooding has affected 395 rivers across 24 provinces, with major rivers experiencing varying degrees of water shortages and surpluses [2]. Water Management Measures - The Ministry of Water Resources has mobilized 3,038 large and medium-sized reservoirs to store 51.8 billion cubic meters of floodwater [2]. - The article emphasizes the importance of accurate data collection and monitoring for effective flood prevention, as demonstrated by the operations at the Zhonggou Hydrological Station in Shandong [1]. Regional Flood Prevention Strategies - In northern regions, the article highlights the proactive measures taken by local water management authorities to inspect and maintain flood defenses, particularly along the Zhangwei River [3][4]. - The expected rainfall in the Haihe River basin is projected to be 20-30% above the average, prompting the implementation of a comprehensive flood prevention plan [5]. Mountain Flood Disaster Prevention - The article outlines the multi-stage warning system established for mountain flood disasters, which includes pre-warning, monitoring, and on-site alerts to ensure timely communication and action [7][8]. - Local leaders are encouraged to disseminate warning information effectively to ensure community safety during potential flood events [6]. Drought Management Strategies - The article discusses the ongoing drought conditions affecting 12 provinces, with specific measures being taken to ensure water supply for irrigation and urban needs [10][11]. - The Ministry of Water Resources is focusing on optimizing water resource allocation and enhancing irrigation infrastructure to support agricultural production [11].