全球仅4国掌握的技术，中国打破垄断，为何引发美国的极度紧张？

Industry Overview - Submarine cables are essential infrastructure for global internet connectivity, with over 430 cables spanning approximately 1.3 million kilometers, connecting nearly all continents except Antarctica [8][26] - The submarine cable industry has a rich history dating back to the 19th century, with the first transatlantic cable laid in 1858, marking a significant advancement in global communication [3][6] - The modern era of submarine cables began in 1988 with the introduction of fiber optic cables, significantly increasing transmission speeds compared to traditional cables [6][10] Company Insights - China has emerged as a key player in the submarine cable industry, with Huahai Communication being the only Chinese company capable of providing comprehensive submarine cable solutions [18][19] - Following the divestiture of Huawei's submarine cable business in 2019, Huahai Communication has rapidly expanded, completing 134 projects with a total length of 94,000 kilometers, capturing 23% of the global project delivery market [21][23] - In comparison, American company SubCom has completed over 200 projects totaling approximately 840,000 kilometers, while French Alcatel and Japanese NEC have also made significant contributions to the market [23] Market Dynamics - The global submarine cable market is projected to grow from 1.2 trillion yuan in 2023 to 1.6 trillion yuan in the future, driven by the increasing demand for data transmission and the upcoming replacement of aging cables [26][29] - Approximately 40% of existing submarine cables were laid before 2000 and are nearing the end of their operational lifespan, leading to a forecasted surge in new installations and replacements over the next 5 to 10 years [29][30] - The submarine cable sector is characterized as a "high profit, high barrier, strong strategy" market, attracting attention from various countries due to its strategic importance in data sovereignty and national security [25][30] Geopolitical Context - The submarine cable industry is not only a technological domain but also a battleground for national interests, with the U.S. government expressing concerns over China's advancements in this field, citing national security as a pretext for competitive actions [23][32] - Control over submarine cables is increasingly viewed as a critical factor in global digital dominance, with implications for national sovereignty and economic interests [25][32]