不给稀土就不访华？威胁中国的欧盟主席，转身“跪”在了美国面前

Core Viewpoint - The strategic value of rare earth materials is increasingly highlighted amid the global reshaping of supply chains, with China transitioning from a resource supplier to a rule-maker and technology controller in the rare earth sector [3][6]. Group 1: China's Dominance in Rare Earths - China currently holds 92% of the global rare earth refining capacity and over 80% of deep processing technology patents, establishing a complete and efficient industrial chain with significant technical barriers [6][13]. - The implementation of the Rare Earth Management Regulations in April 2025 signifies a systematic upgrade in China's resource security strategy, altering Western perceptions of unlimited supply from China [5][6]. Group 2: Global Reactions and Challenges - In response to China's tightening export controls, the U.S. Department of Defense announced a $400 million investment in MP Materials, marking a strategic move to bolster domestic rare earth production [9]. - Despite U.S. efforts, MP Materials remains significantly behind China in terms of technology and production capabilities, with costs 30%-40% higher than Chinese products [9][10]. - The EU's reliance on Chinese rare earth magnets is critical, with a dependency rate of 98%, leading to heightened tensions and political maneuvers within Europe [7][10]. Group 3: China's Countermeasures - China has adopted a more sophisticated counter-strategy, including imposing anti-dumping duties on EU brandy imports, reflecting a targeted approach to trade relations [12]. - The establishment of a rare earth traceability system aims to ensure that exported products are not used for military or prohibited purposes, reinforcing China's control over the supply chain [12][15]. - China's flexible management of rare earth applications from European companies indicates a willingness to cooperate under legitimate circumstances, while maintaining a firm strategic stance [12][15]. Group 4: Future Implications - The ongoing competition over rare earth resources is not merely about supply but represents a deeper struggle for global industrial chain dominance and strategic security [15]. - The internal divisions within the EU and the long-term technological challenges faced by the U.S. highlight the complexities of breaking free from dependence on Chinese rare earths [10][15].