美国对主要伙伴“极限施压”能否奏效？（环球热点）

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the implications of the U.S. government's tariff policies, particularly the recent announcement of a 30% tariff on goods imported from the EU and Mexico, and how these measures are expected to impact international trade relationships and the U.S. economy [4][5][6]. Group 1: Tariff Policy and Economic Context - The U.S. government views tariffs as a crucial tool to address its significant fiscal deficit, with the House of Representatives recently passing a tax and spending bill that could increase the deficit by nearly $3.3 trillion over the next decade [5][6]. - The tariffs are aimed at addressing trade imbalances with key partners, particularly the EU and Mexico, which are significant sources of the U.S. trade deficit [6][7]. Group 2: Responses from the EU and Mexico - The EU is preparing a dual strategy, seeking to negotiate with the U.S. while also planning countermeasures, including potential tariffs on $720 billion worth of U.S. imports if negotiations fail [8][10]. - Mexico has expressed that the new tariffs are unfair and is initiating negotiations to protect its border businesses and employment, while also potentially addressing U.S. concerns regarding fentanyl and illegal immigration [8][9]. Group 3: Impact on Global Trade Relations - The U.S. tariff policies are prompting its trade partners to consider "de-Americanization" strategies, strengthening ties with other regions to reduce reliance on the U.S. [11][12]. - The article highlights that the U.S. unilateral actions are undermining the multilateral trade system, which could lead to long-term shifts in global trade dynamics [13]. Group 4: Economic Consequences for the U.S. - The tariffs are expected to increase import costs, exacerbate inflationary pressures, and slow economic growth in the U.S., with consumer price index data indicating a rise in inflation [14][16]. - Analysts predict that if tariffs are raised significantly, the overall inflation rate could exceed 5%, which would be unsustainable for the average consumer [16].