年年“史上最热”，我们距离气候难民有多远？

Group 1 - The article highlights the increasing frequency and severity of extreme weather events globally, driven by climate change, which poses significant threats to human health and safety [1][4][7] - It reports that since June, regions such as the Middle East, Central Asia, and North Africa have experienced temperatures exceeding 40°C for 10-20 days, with Spain recording temperatures above 46°C and over 1,180 heat-related deaths by July 19 [1] - The World Bank's 2021 report indicates that climate change could force approximately 216 million people to migrate within their countries by 2050, emphasizing the urgency of addressing the issue of climate refugees [5][6] Group 2 - The article discusses the legal and definitional challenges surrounding climate refugees, noting that current international law does not adequately recognize or protect them [13][36] - It mentions that the United Nations has made efforts to define and address the issue of environmental migration, including the 2007 definition of "environmental migrants" by the International Organization for Migration [18] - Despite increasing global attention and initiatives, the lack of a cohesive international framework hampers effective action to support climate refugees [22][36] Group 3 - The article provides statistics indicating that in 2024, approximately 9.8 million people were displaced within their countries due to natural disasters, with the highest numbers in Africa and Asia [23][24] - It highlights that the number of displacements caused by natural disasters in 2024 was about 45.8 million, which is 2.4 times higher than a decade ago, while conflict-related displacements were about 20.1 million [27] - The interconnectedness of climate change, poverty, and conflict is emphasized, illustrating how climate refugees often face new social tensions in their new locations [30][31] Group 4 - The article outlines various international and regional actions taken to address the challenges faced by climate refugees, including the establishment of the Loss and Damage Fund at COP27 to support vulnerable countries [53][55] - It discusses initiatives like the Climate Refugee Protection Fund and proposals for climate passports to provide legal recognition and support for displaced individuals [54][55] - The article suggests that addressing climate refugee issues requires a comprehensive approach that integrates environmental, social, and economic strategies [56][61]