问策｜深圳如何持续擦亮“民营经济第一城”招牌？

Core Viewpoint - The private economy in Shenzhen is a vital force in advancing China's modernization and has become a significant symbol of the city's economic development, contributing substantially to various economic metrics [3][7]. Economic Contribution - As of 2024, Shenzhen has a total of 4.404 million operating entities, with a growth rate of 4.2%, and over 2.6 million private enterprises, making it the leading city in private economic contributions [7]. - The private economy exhibits a "456799" phenomenon, contributing approximately 40% of fixed asset investment, over 50% of tax revenue, nearly 60% of added value, over 70% of import and export volume, and over 90% of employment and business entities [7]. Innovation and R&D - Innovation is the core strength of Shenzhen's private economy, with total R&D investment reaching 223.661 billion yuan in 2024, accounting for 6.46% of GDP, and 93.3% of this investment coming from enterprises [8]. - Shenzhen boasts over 25,000 national high-tech enterprises and 10,800 specialized and innovative enterprises, forming a vibrant innovation ecosystem alongside major companies like Ping An and Huawei [8]. Industrial Strength - Shenzhen's private enterprises dominate 37 out of 41 industrial categories, with over 14,000 large-scale industrial companies, maintaining its status as the "Industrial First City" in China for two consecutive years [9]. - The city has transformed from a follower to a leader in various niche markets, achieving significant growth in the electronic information industry and establishing a "one-hour industrial circle" in the Greater Bay Area for efficient supply chain management [9]. Business Longevity and Growth - The average lifespan of a private enterprise in Shenzhen is approximately 6 years, significantly higher than the national average of 3.7 years, with 17% of enterprises surviving over 10 years [11]. - The time taken for a private enterprise to grow into a listed company on the Sci-Tech Innovation Board is an average of 13.35 years, which is 1.05 years faster than the national average [11]. Challenges and Solutions - Despite the robust growth, Shenzhen's private economy faces challenges such as financing difficulties for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), high operational costs, and talent competition due to high living costs [12][17]. - The government is actively optimizing the business environment, reducing burdens on enterprises by over 150 billion yuan in 2024, and implementing various reforms to enhance market conditions [15][16]. Policy Innovations - The introduction of the "Private Economy Promotion Law" aims to provide comprehensive legal support for private enterprises, addressing market access barriers and improving regulatory frameworks [16]. - Shenzhen is enhancing its financial services by optimizing bank assessment mechanisms and promoting innovative financing products to support SMEs [16][22]. Talent and Resource Management - The city is focusing on improving land allocation, talent policies, and easing residency restrictions to foster a competitive environment and facilitate talent mobility within the Greater Bay Area [17]. - Learning from other cities like Hangzhou, Shenzhen aims to enhance collaboration between large enterprises and SMEs, providing resources and support for startups [18][19].