透视“复杂”的天津社会

Group 1 - Tianjin is recognized as a significant port city in northern China, showcasing a blend of modern urban vitality and rich historical heritage, which contributes to its unique character [1][16] - The historical development of Tianjin has attracted scholarly attention, resulting in notable research on various aspects such as labor, banking, and public health during the modern era [2][3] Group 2 - The research by Kwan Man Bun on Tianjin salt merchants highlights the complex interactions between the state, society, and merchants, emphasizing the significant role of salt merchants in shaping Tianjin's cultural and social characteristics [3][9] - The book "亦官亦商" (Both Official and Merchant) explores the dual role of salt merchants in the context of state-making and civil society, challenging the binary opposition between state and society [7][9] Group 3 - The salt merchants' family economic model reveals both opportunities and risks, as their concentrated power can lead to internal conflicts, necessitating state intervention [12][13] - Salt merchants actively engaged in public service, enhancing their social status while compensating for the government's shortcomings in public service provision [13][14] Group 4 - The historical context of Tianjin illustrates a city characterized by both vitality and crisis, with its geographical advantages fostering commercial trade as a lifeline for its inhabitants [10][11] - The long-standing relationship between salt merchants and the state reflects a mutual dependency that has prevented the emergence of an independent civil society [14][17] Group 5 - The cultural legacy and institutional experiences of Tianjin's salt merchants continue to influence the city's character, which is marked by openness, inclusivity, and pragmatic progress [17][18]