欧盟制裁重拳难短俄财路，特朗普次级关税成“终极杀招”？

Group 1 - The EU's latest sanctions on Russian oil are unlikely to have a severe impact, making secondary sanctions by the US one of the few remaining economic pressures on the Kremlin [1][4] - The new sanctions lower the price cap on Russian crude oil from $60 to $47.6 per barrel, effective September 3, and include a mechanism to ensure it remains 15% below the average price of Russian oil [1][3] - A significant addition is the ban on importing refined products made from Russian crude oil, aimed at closing loopholes left by previous sanctions [1][2] Group 2 - The effectiveness of initial sanctions has been limited, as countries like India have significantly increased their imports of Russian oil due to discounts from the price cap [1][3] - In 2024, Russia's oil and petroleum product export revenue is projected to reach $192 billion, significantly higher than its defense budget of $110 billion [3] - The EU's new sanctions package includes an additional 105 vessels sanctioned for evading the initial price cap, bringing the total to 447 [4] Group 3 - Secondary sanctions proposed by Trump could impose a 100% tariff on countries purchasing Russian oil unless a peace agreement is reached within 50 days [5][6] - The potential for secondary sanctions raises concerns about their effectiveness in the global energy market, as they could lead to increased oil prices and inflation, which the US does not want to see [7][8] - Despite escalating sanctions threats, both Russia and oil traders appear relatively unfazed at this time [8]