专访赖晓明：持续推动全国碳市场各项机制发展与完善

Core Insights - The national carbon market has been operating for four years, showing a healthy and orderly development with a cumulative trading volume exceeding 670 million tons and a transaction value of 46 billion yuan [1][2][3] - The introduction of the "Interim Regulations on Carbon Emission Trading Management" in 2024 provides a strong legal framework for the market, with the first expansion planned for 2025 to include steel, cement, and aluminum industries [2][3][9] - The market price has shown a positive trend, with the average closing price surpassing 100 yuan per ton in April 2024, and recent prices fluctuating between 70-80 yuan per ton [3] Market Development - The national carbon market has seen accelerated development in 2024, with the introduction of new trading methods such as single-direction bidding to enhance trading efficiency [2][3] - The trading system's continuous improvement has positively impacted market activity and price formation mechanisms, with trading prices remaining within a reasonable range [2] Regional Market Coordination - The implementation of the regulations on May 1, 2024, clarifies the boundaries between national and local carbon markets, preventing overlapping controls [4] - Shanghai's carbon market has introduced various carbon financial products, significantly increasing green electricity consumption and achieving a 72% growth in carbon reduction credits used for compliance [5][6] Financial Products and Innovations - Shanghai has launched multiple innovative carbon financial products, including carbon pledges, carbon repurchase, and carbon insurance, effectively mobilizing over 800 million tons of carbon assets [6][7] - The introduction of the carbon neutrality index and the upcoming capital market transformation index aims to enhance the synergy between carbon markets and financial markets [7] International Context and Challenges - The EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) poses challenges and opportunities for Chinese export enterprises, particularly in high-carbon industries [8] - Companies are encouraged to track domestic and international policies, build carbon data management systems, and enhance their low-carbon management practices to adapt to evolving trade rules [8][9]