美国药价，为何是全球最高的？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the complexities and challenges of drug pricing in the United States, highlighting the significant price disparities compared to Europe and the underlying factors contributing to these differences. Group 1: Trump's Executive Order and Its Implications - Trump's executive order aimed to reduce drug prices by 30%-80%, but lacked a clear implementation plan, leading to confusion and a rise in pharmaceutical stock prices instead of a decline [2][4][5]. - The historical context reveals that U.S. law prohibits the government from negotiating drug prices directly with pharmaceutical companies, rooted in the philosophy of maintaining a separation between government and business [6][10][13]. Group 2: Drug Pricing Mechanisms - Drug prices in the U.S. are significantly higher than in other developed countries, with some medications costing 5-10 times more [15][52]. - The pricing mechanism involves multiple channels, including government insurance and commercial insurance, each with different pricing strategies and negotiation dynamics [29][30]. Group 3: Global Drug Price Comparisons - In Europe, drug prices are generally lower, with examples showing that the same medication can cost around $500 in Europe compared to $1000 in the U.S. [52][53]. - The article notes that while some rare disease medications are still expensive, the overall trend shows that U.S. drug prices are often higher due to various market dynamics and negotiation practices [56][58]. Group 4: Industry Dynamics and Future Considerations - The pharmaceutical industry is characterized by a complex interplay of innovation, pricing strategies, and regulatory frameworks, which influence the development and pricing of new drugs [47][68]. - The introduction of negotiation mechanisms in the U.S. under the IRA Act reflects a shift towards more competitive pricing, similar to practices seen in other countries [67][68].