高温天气警惕热射病：如何早期发现并正确急救？这些认知误区要知晓！

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the increasing cases of heat stroke, particularly heat stroke with high mortality rates, during the ongoing high-temperature weather across the country. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing symptoms and taking immediate action to prevent fatalities. Group 1: Types and Symptoms of Heat Stroke - There are two types of heat stroke: classic heat stroke, which primarily affects the elderly, children, and those with underlying health conditions, with a mortality rate as high as 70% [1][4]. - Labor-type heat stroke occurs in young individuals engaged in physical training or outdoor work in high-temperature and high-humidity environments, with a mortality rate around 30% [1][4]. - Symptoms of heat stroke include rapid temperature rise above 40°C, hot skin, extreme fatigue, confusion, and potential gastrointestinal issues like nausea and vomiting [3][4]. Group 2: Emergency Response and Treatment - Immediate cooling is crucial; core body temperature should be reduced to below 39°C within 30 minutes and below 38.5°C within two hours [4][6]. - Emergency measures include moving the patient to a cool, ventilated area, removing clothing, and applying wet towels to major blood vessel areas [6][4]. - Continuous monitoring of the patient's temperature and vital signs is essential while waiting for emergency services [6]. Group 3: Misdiagnosis and Awareness - Classic heat stroke can be easily misdiagnosed due to its subtle onset and non-specific symptoms, particularly in vulnerable populations [7][9]. - Patients may exhibit symptoms similar to other conditions, such as incontinence or organ failure, which can lead to confusion and delayed treatment [9][11]. - Awareness of environmental exposure and detailed patient history is critical for timely diagnosis and intervention [11]. Group 4: Common Misconceptions - The belief that certain remedies, like Huoxiang Zhengqi water, can prevent heat stroke is incorrect, as it is not suitable for heat stroke prevention [13]. - Maintaining indoor temperatures at 26°C does not guarantee protection against heat stroke, as high humidity and poor ventilation can also lead to heat-related illnesses [14]. - Using oral antipyretics to reduce fever in suspected heat stroke cases is ineffective and potentially harmful [16].