印度制造业反思：错失十年黄金机遇，能否逆袭仍存疑！

Core Insights - Indian manufacturing has not progressed significantly in the past decade, missing opportunities to replace China as a global manufacturing hub [1][2] - Infrastructure issues such as logistics, power supply, and port efficiency hinder India's manufacturing growth [1] - The Indian government's "Make in India" initiative has faced challenges due to bureaucratic inefficiencies and conflicting policies [2] Infrastructure Challenges - India needs to improve its logistics, electricity, and port infrastructure to compete with China's established systems [1] - Poor road conditions, low port efficiency, and unstable power supply create doubts for companies considering setting up factories in India [1] Policy and Bureaucracy - The "Make in India" initiative launched in 2014 aimed to attract foreign investment through tax reductions and simplified approval processes [2] - Despite a GDP growth rate of 8.7% in 2022, bureaucratic complexities and slow approval processes deter investment [2] Labor Quality Issues - India has a large young workforce, but the shortage of skilled labor limits manufacturing development [2] - Compared to China, which produces millions of skilled STEM graduates annually, India's vocational education remains underdeveloped [2] Environmental Concerns - High carbon emissions from coal-dependent energy structures pose challenges for Indian manufacturing to meet Western environmental standards [2] - The inability to address environmental issues further complicates India's position in attracting foreign investment amid global supply chain shifts [2]