欧洲人怎么看欧美贸易协议？德国业界担忧，欧盟领导人捍卫

Core Viewpoint - The recent trade agreement between the US and the EU involves a 15% tariff on most EU exports to the US, which has sparked mixed reactions among European governments, particularly concerning the competitiveness of the automotive industry in Germany [1][4]. Group 1: Agreement Details - The agreement was announced by US President Trump, who stated that the EU would face a 15% tariff on goods exported to the US, which is seen as a compromise to avoid higher tariffs previously threatened by Trump [1][5]. - The EU has committed to purchasing $750 billion worth of US energy products and increasing investments by $60 billion, which are key components of the agreement [1][10]. - The average effective tariff rate for the US is expected to rise from 13.5% to 16% as a result of this agreement, which is lower than the previously anticipated 18% [5]. Group 2: Reactions from European Leaders - German Chancellor Merz expressed that the agreement successfully avoided a trade conflict that could have severely impacted Germany's export-driven economy, although he hopes for further relaxation of transatlantic trade [5][6]. - The Slovak Prime Minister acknowledged the 15% tariff as a reasonable outcome, highlighting the importance of the automotive industry to Slovakia's GDP [6]. - However, there is significant criticism from the German industrial sector, with leaders arguing that the agreement sends a disastrous signal and could have severe negative impacts on Germany's export-oriented industries [8]. Group 3: Concerns and Future Implications - The lack of detailed written agreements raises concerns about the execution and interpretation of the deal, leading to uncertainties for investors and markets [10][11]. - The agreement is viewed as a pragmatic compromise aimed at maintaining economic stability in Europe, but it has also been criticized for potentially undermining European competitiveness [4][7]. - French officials have expressed dissatisfaction with the agreement, suggesting that it reflects a power imbalance between the EU and the US, and have called for measures to counteract perceived US dominance [8].