美联储承认经济增长放缓，但关税政策令降息变得扑朔迷离

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve has decided to maintain the federal funds rate target range at 4.25-4.50%, marking the fifth consecutive meeting without a rate change, aligning with market expectations [1] Group 1: Federal Reserve's Decision and Economic Outlook - Fed Chairman Jerome Powell indicated that the current interest rate level is appropriate amid uncertainties regarding tariffs and inflation [1] - Analysts noted that Powell's hawkish stance has reduced the likelihood of a rate cut in September, with the probability dropping to 45.2%, a decrease of 18.1 percentage points from the previous day [1] - The FOMC acknowledged a slowdown in economic activity, changing its language from "economic activity continues to expand" to "economic activity growth has slowed" [4] Group 2: Economic Data and Analysis - The U.S. GDP grew at an annualized rate of 3.0% in Q2, surpassing the market expectation of 2.5% and significantly improving from Q1's -0.5% [5] - Analysts suggest that the GDP rebound is more a result of statistical adjustments and short-term policy effects rather than a substantial improvement in economic fundamentals [7] - The private domestic final purchases (PDFP), a core GDP indicator, only grew by 1.2%, indicating that the GDP growth was driven more by a decline in imports rather than strong internal economic growth [7] Group 3: Future Rate Cut Expectations - Analysts believe that the impact of tariffs on inflation may be slower and longer-lasting, potentially delaying the Fed's rate cut decisions [4] - There is a consensus within the Fed regarding the need for a rate cut this year, but there is disagreement on the timing based on economic signals [8] - Two Fed governors voted in favor of a 25 basis point rate cut, marking the first time in over 30 years that two governors expressed differing opinions on rate decisions [8]