欧盟与美国贸易协议：实际达成了什么？特朗普是赢家吗？

Group 1 - The EU and the US have reached a trade agreement that aims to reshape the transatlantic trade relationship valued at €1.7 trillion ($2 trillion), with the EU agreeing to cut tariffs on most US products by 55%, reducing tariffs to about one-third of current levels if the agreement is enacted [1] - The EU Trade Commissioner acknowledged that this is the best agreement achievable under difficult circumstances, with mixed reactions from EU member states, some expressing anger and others recognizing the benefits of repairing US-EU relations [2] - The agreement announced on July 27 is based on political principles and lacks legal binding, with a complete joint statement expected to be released by August 1, but the final legal text will require several months of negotiation [3] Group 2 - Starting August 1, the US will reduce tariffs on nearly all EU exports, including cars and parts, from 27.5% to 5%, covering 70% of EU exports to the US, which amounts to approximately €80 billion ($43.5 billion) [4] - Additional arrangements include addressing US import quotas on EU steel and protecting supply chains from currency fluctuations [5] - The negotiations are driven by deeper concerns regarding security and energy, as the EU seeks to reduce its reliance on Russian gas and strengthen military ties with the US [6] Group 3 - The agreement is seen as favoring US industries, potentially enhancing their competitive position, although economists warn that the costs of tariffs will be borne by US consumers in the short term [7] - European leaders have criticized the agreement, with French officials expressing that yielding to the US undermines the values of free nations [8] - The euro has experienced fluctuations, dropping to a five-week low after the announcement, while the automotive industry in the EU faces significant pressure due to the reduced tariffs on US cars and parts [9]