美学者哀叹：到底怎么输给中国的，回看60年就知道了

Core Insights - China's goods trade import and export value reached a historical high of 21.79 trillion yuan in the first half of the year, with electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries, and solar cells becoming key export products [1] - The export value of electromechanical products was 7.8 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.5%, accounting for 60% of total exports [1] - The growth of high-end equipment related to new productivity exceeded 20%, while the "new three items" products grew by 12.7% [1] Group 1: Market Dynamics - U.S. media expressed complex emotions regarding China's dominance in clean energy technologies, which originated in the U.S. but are now led by China [1] - Experts attribute China's success to stable policies and strong promotion of new technology applications [1][2] - The U.S. has struggled with policy inconsistency, while China has maintained stable policies that have allowed it to surpass the U.S. in these sectors [1] Group 2: Electric Vehicles - The U.S. began large-scale electrification of vehicles in the 1930s, but the existing gasoline distribution network favored gasoline engines [4] - California's regulations in the 1990s briefly promoted electric vehicles, but the focus shifted back to traditional fuel vehicles [4][5] - China invested heavily in electric vehicles, with approximately $231 billion spent on promoting electric vehicle adoption, resulting in a significant increase in sales from 1,000 units in 2010 to 6.4 million units last year [5] Group 3: Lithium-Ion Batteries - The first functional lithium-ion battery was invented in the 1970s in the U.S., but the lack of market support led to the failure of early U.S. battery companies [7] - China invested heavily in battery technology and supply chain stability, leading to a significant increase in production capacity [8] - Currently, China holds 85% of global battery cell production capacity, with 94% of the market share in lithium iron phosphate batteries [8] Group 4: Solar Cells - The U.S. was a pioneer in solar cell technology but retreated from the market in the 1980s due to policy shifts favoring traditional energy sources [11][12] - China capitalized on the demand for solar cells in the early 2000s, investing $50 billion in solar power production capacity [13] - Currently, eight of the top ten solar panel manufacturers are based in China, reflecting its dominance in the global solar supply chain [13] Group 5: Export Performance - The "new three items" have become a new hallmark of China's foreign trade, with exports showing remarkable resilience despite trade tensions [16] - In the first four months of 2025, the total import and export value of the "new three items" reached $49.35 billion, a year-on-year increase of 3.1% [16] - The export proportions of lithium-ion batteries, electric vehicles, and solar cells were 45.1%, 36.7%, and 18.2%, respectively, with lithium-ion batteries and electric vehicles seeing increases in their export shares [17]