中美稀土战刚停，第二稀土大国对美“宣战”，最后两天，中方表态

Core Viewpoint - The international trade landscape, particularly regarding rare earth resources, has become a focal point of geopolitical competition, with Brazil emerging as a significant player against the backdrop of U.S.-China tensions [1][10]. Group 1: U.S.-China Rare Earth Dispute - The U.S.-China conflict over rare earth elements escalated after Trump imposed tariffs of up to 54% on Chinese goods, prompting China to restrict rare earth exports critical to U.S. military applications [3][5]. - By June, a temporary agreement was reached where China agreed to expedite rare earth export licenses, resulting in a 660% increase in exports to the U.S. in June compared to May [7]. Group 2: Brazil's Position and Response - Brazil, holding 22% of global rare earth reserves, rejected U.S. requests for mining rights, leading to Trump's announcement of a 50% tariff on Brazilian goods [1][8]. - Brazil's exports of rare earths to China surged to $670,000 in the first half of 2025, tripling the total for 2024, indicating its growing importance as a supplier [8]. Group 3: Geopolitical Implications - The situation reflects a broader struggle for control over rare earth resources, with Brazil's government asserting its sovereignty against perceived U.S. neo-colonialism [10][11]. - The conflict has highlighted the vulnerabilities in the U.S. supply chain for rare earths, as the country lacks sufficient refining capabilities despite attempts to source from other nations [5][12]. Group 4: Future Outlook - The ongoing tariff disputes and Brazil's regulatory measures on rare earth mining suggest a protracted conflict that could hinder U.S. military manufacturing capabilities [11][15]. - The dynamics of the rare earth market are shifting, with Brazil strengthening ties with China and other BRICS nations, potentially altering the global trade landscape [14][15].