创新消费力|专访国务院发展研究中心市场经济研究所研究员王微:从商品到服务 消费市场进入深度调整期

Core Insights - The Chinese consumption market is undergoing a significant structural transformation, shifting from goods consumption to service consumption, which presents both new growth opportunities and challenges [1] - The growth rate of social retail sales (社零额) has been declining, reflecting changes in economic development stages and consumption structure [1][5] - Service consumption is becoming a major growth driver, with its share in total household consumption expected to reach 47% by 2024 [1][4] Consumption Market Trends - The importance of consumption in the economy has been increasingly recognized, with policies aimed at boosting consumption being prioritized at both national and local levels [4] - New trends include a stable growth rate, emergence of new consumption drivers, and a shift from goods to service consumption, with digital and green consumption growing rapidly [4][7] - In Beijing, service consumption accounts for over 50% of household spending, with a projected growth of 6.1% in service consumption in 2024 [4] Changes in Social Retail Sales Growth - The decline in social retail sales growth is attributed to the transition of the economy from high-speed to medium-speed growth, alongside a shift in consumption structure [5] - The long-term trend indicates that service consumption will exceed 50% of household spending, becoming a primary source of consumption growth [5] Contribution of Consumption to Economic Growth - Consumption has become a more significant driver of economic growth compared to investment, especially in the context of uncertainties in international trade [6] - Prior to 2019, final consumption contributed over 50% to GDP growth, but recent fluctuations due to the pandemic have posed new challenges [6] Emerging Consumption Dynamics - Despite a slowdown in traditional consumption growth, new dynamics such as green and digital consumption are rapidly expanding [7][8] - The retail sales of new energy vehicles are projected to exceed 10 million units in 2024, marking a 40.7% year-on-year increase [8] Policy Support and Market Mechanisms - Recent years have seen a surge in consumption-boosting policies, with coordinated efforts across various government departments [9] - Market mechanisms play a crucial role in matching supply and demand, but challenges remain in addressing the mismatch between homogeneous supply and diverse consumer needs [10] Challenges Facing the Consumption Market - Key challenges include employment and income issues, which significantly impact consumer confidence and spending capacity [12] - The traditional supply model struggles to meet the diverse demands of consumers, and institutional barriers in service sectors like education and healthcare hinder growth [12] Future Outlook - The consumption market is at a critical juncture, requiring comprehensive reforms in statistical systems, governance, and corporate structures to fully realize its potential [13]