李迅雷：以旧换新，换什么乘数效应更大｜立方大家谈

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles is that the "old-for-new" policy is expected to significantly boost consumer spending in various sectors, particularly in automobiles, home appliances, and digital products, with substantial government support through subsidies [1][2][3] - In 2024, the government will implement a consumption upgrade program with a budget of 150 billion yuan, increasing to 300 billion yuan in 2025, aimed at stimulating sales in categories such as automobiles, home appliances, and home renovations [1][2] - The estimated sales driven by the "old-for-new" policy in 2024 is projected to exceed 1.3 trillion yuan, with the central government's funding of 162 billion yuan in the first half of the year leading to over 1.6 trillion yuan in sales [1][2][3] Group 2 - The 2025 "old-for-new" policy will expand to include five major categories, with specific subsidy standards for automobiles, home appliances, digital products, home renovations, and electric bicycles [2][3] - The estimated subsidy amounts for various categories in 2025 include up to 20,000 yuan for new energy vehicles and 1,500 to 2,000 yuan for home appliances, with a total estimated subsidy cap of 233.4 billion yuan [2][3][6] - The policy is expected to have a multiplier effect on consumer spending, contributing to a 5% increase in retail sales of consumer goods in the first half of the year, with significant growth in categories such as home appliances and communication equipment [7][9] Group 3 - The contribution of final consumption to economic growth reached 52% in the first half of the year, indicating the foundational role of consumption in economic development [9][10] - The "old-for-new" policy's impact on retail sales is estimated to contribute between 0.74% and 0.96% to the total retail sales growth, suggesting a modest multiplier effect [10] - The total number of individuals benefiting from the subsidies is estimated at 280 million, indicating a significant reach of the policy, although the actual number of unique beneficiaries may be lower [17] Group 4 - Recommendations for optimizing the "old-for-new" policy include expanding the subsidy scale and diversifying the categories of supported products to include essential goods and services, thereby benefiting a broader demographic [18][19] - The policy is seen as having both direct and indirect effects on overall consumption, as the savings from subsidies may lead to increased spending in other areas [19] - The articles suggest that the current subsidy structure may favor higher-income groups, and adjustments could enhance the policy's equity and accessibility [17][18]