“富豪裸捐”承诺调查：15年仅一人兑现，其余都食言

Core Insights - The "Giving Pledge" initiated by Bill Gates, Melinda French Gates, and Warren Buffett in 2010 aimed to encourage billionaires to donate at least half of their wealth, but only a few have fulfilled this commitment over 15 years [1][2][10] - A report highlights that many signatories have not donated half of their wealth, with most funds directed towards private foundations and donor-advised funds (DAFs) rather than direct charitable contributions [1][6][21] Group 1: Wealth Growth of Signatories - Among the initial 57 U.S. signatories, 32 billionaires have seen their wealth increase by 283% since 2010, with an average annual growth rate of nearly 19% [2][5] - Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan's wealth grew over 4000% since 2010, indicating that wealthy individuals are becoming richer despite their pledges [5][11] - Only three families among the signatories experienced a decrease in wealth, while the majority saw significant increases, with five families growing over 500% [2][5] Group 2: Donation Mechanisms - The report indicates that in 2024, signatories donated or pledged $9.3 billion, with 57% directed to foundations or DAFs, making tracking difficult [6][7] - The initial signatories have cumulatively donated approximately $206 billion, with 80% going to their own foundations, which collectively hold around $120 billion in assets [6][8] - DAFs and LLCs are often used for donations, complicating transparency and accountability [6][7] Group 3: Fulfillment of Pledges - Among the 43 living signatories, only one, Laura and John Arnold, has fulfilled the pledge by donating 47.6 billion, while others would need to donate an additional $367 billion to meet their commitments [10][11] - The deceased signatories had an average donation of 43% of their wealth, with only eight out of 22 fulfilling the 50% pledge [13][21] Group 4: Donor Profiles - Warren Buffett and Bill Gates are highlighted as committed donors, with Buffett donating approximately $55 billion and Gates around $58 billion, but neither has met the 50% threshold [16][17] - Elon Musk's donations, totaling about $8.4 billion, have raised concerns regarding tax avoidance through DAFs and foundations [19][21] - The report notes a shift in donor behavior, with more women billionaires like MacKenzie Scott demonstrating a commitment to high-impact giving [21][22] Group 5: Future of Philanthropy - The future of the "Giving Pledge" is uncertain, with new signatories having different priorities and the potential for significant changes in charitable giving dynamics [21][22] - The report suggests that if billionaires continue their current donation practices, the U.S. could see the emergence of foundations with over a trillion dollars in assets, wielding substantial influence [23][24] - Recommendations for reform include increasing transparency, accelerating fund distribution to public projects, and enhancing public accountability to prevent misuse of the charitable system [24][25]