美国终结“最低限度豁免”政策，全球800美元以下包裹将全面征税

Policy Changes - The U.S. government has announced a suspension of the "de minimis" policy, effective August 29, which previously allowed commercial packages valued under $800 to enter the U.S. tax-free, now requiring full tariffs to be paid [1] - The new regulation applies globally, expanding beyond the previous focus on China and Hong Kong, and introduces two taxation options for packages: either a tax based on the country of origin or a transitional specific duty of $80-$200 per item within six months [2] - The implementation timeline has been accelerated by two years due to a declared "national emergency," despite Congress previously setting a 2027 deadline for the repeal of the exemption [2] Security and Trade Imbalance - The White House has framed this action as a response to a "catastrophic loophole," with data showing a dramatic increase in tax-free package volume from 134 million in 2015 to an estimated 1.36 billion in 2024, a tenfold increase [3] - A significant portion of drug seizures (97%) and intellectual property infringement items (98%) in 2024 are linked to tax-free packages, which are seen as a conduit for smuggling synthetic opioids like fentanyl [3] Impact on Sellers and Buyers - Chinese cross-border e-commerce platforms, such as Shein and Temu, are expected to be severely impacted, as the global policy will eliminate the ability to circumvent tariffs through third-country shipping [4] - The logistics industry will also face major changes, with air freight companies now responsible for collecting tariffs, leading to a projected decline in cross-border small package shipments [4] - U.S. consumers are likely to experience price increases of 10%-20% on previously tax-free goods, such as affordable clothing and electronics, along with longer shipping times [4] Divided Trade Opinions - Supporters, including the National Council of Textile Organizations (NCTO), view the policy as a "game changer" that addresses the issue of cheap Chinese textile imports undermining domestic manufacturing [5] - Conversely, there are concerns from U.S. consumers and small business owners about the financial burden of increased tariffs, with estimates suggesting an additional expenditure of $11 billion to $13 billion for American consumers, translating to an extra $34 to $41 per person [6]