中国人口越来越少，为什么欧洲人口越来越多？

Group 1 - The core argument of the article highlights the significant decline in fertility rates in China, which has led to a negative population growth trend that is difficult to reverse [1][5][29] - According to the 2024 United Nations World Population Prospects, China's population decline is expected to exceed 10 million annually by the middle of this century, equating to a loss comparable to the entire population of Sweden each year [5][30] - East Asia, including countries like South Korea and Japan, is experiencing similar demographic challenges, with South Korea having the lowest fertility rate globally and projections indicating a drastic population reduction over the next century [7][8][27] Group 2 - In contrast, Europe has managed to stabilize its population despite declining birth rates, primarily through immigration, which has become a crucial factor in offsetting natural population decline [10][12][30] - The influx of nearly 6 million immigrants to EU countries in 2023, predominantly from non-EU nations, has significantly contributed to population growth, with Germany and Spain absorbing over 40% of these immigrants [12][30] - The article emphasizes that while immigration can temporarily alleviate population decline, it also introduces complex social integration challenges, particularly in terms of cultural and ethnic dynamics [43][44][56] Group 3 - The concept of "population inertia" is introduced, explaining that demographic trends, once established, are challenging to reverse, and that policies aimed at increasing birth rates often yield slow results [29][30] - The article discusses how the rapid decline in fertility rates in East Asia leads to a quicker transition from population growth to decline compared to Europe, where immigration has prolonged the period of population stability [24][25][27] - The long-term implications of immigration on population structure and social cohesion are highlighted, indicating that while it may provide a short-term solution, deeper issues related to integration and cultural conflict remain [43][44][56]