种植业减排不减产，技术组合撬动15%甲烷减排量

Core Viewpoint - The adoption of mid-term drying technology for methane reduction in rice paddies is high, primarily driven by cost savings and yield improvement rather than emission reduction [1] Group 1: Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions - Methane and nitrous oxide are significant non-CO2 greenhouse gases in agriculture, with rice cultivation and nitrogen fertilizer application being major sources [1] - China's methane emissions from rice cultivation showed a "growth then stabilization" trend from 1994 to 2021, while nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural land significantly decreased after 2012 due to fertilizer reduction policies [1] Group 2: Challenges in Emission Reduction - Achieving simultaneous goals of emission reduction, high yield, and low cost in agriculture is challenging, as practices like controlled irrigation can lower methane emissions but may increase nitrous oxide emissions and affect crop stability [2] - Extreme weather conditions, such as increased rainfall in North China, pose new challenges for crop yields, necessitating a shift in crop types and cultivation strategies [2] Group 3: Technological Solutions for Low Carbon and High Yield - A combination of technologies, including irrigation optimization, fertilizer management, and variety selection, is essential for achieving low carbon and high yield in rice cultivation [3] - A four-year trial demonstrated that a combination of controlled irrigation, efficient nitrogen-reducing fertilizers, and straw incorporation can reduce methane emissions by 15% to 26% without affecting yields [3]