今天，我们怎样回答“钱学森之问”（教育时评）

Core Viewpoint - The article reflects on the 70th anniversary of Qian Xuesen's return to China and the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the "Qian Xuesen Class," emphasizing the ongoing relevance of his question regarding the cultivation of innovative talent in China's education system [1][2]. Group 1: Historical Context - In 2005, China's higher education gross enrollment rate was 21%, and R&D expenditure was only 1.34% of GDP, highlighting the challenges faced in developing a robust educational and innovative ecosystem [2]. - The "Qian Xuesen Question" addresses the strengths and weaknesses of the education system since the reform and opening up, indicating a need for a shift from a population dividend to a talent dividend [2]. Group 2: Educational Reforms - Over the past 20 years, reforms such as the establishment of the college system, credit system, and mentorship system have been initiated to enhance the cultivation of top talent [2]. - New disciplines like New Engineering, New Medicine, New Agriculture, and New Liberal Arts have been developed, along with the implementation of programs like the "Top-notch Plan" and "Strong Foundation Plan" [2]. Group 3: Innovation and Achievements - Significant innovations have emerged from Chinese laboratories, including breakthroughs in quantum anomalous Hall effect and iron-based high-temperature superconductors, showcasing a vibrant innovation landscape [2]. - Major projects like Chang'e 6 lunar sampling and the Dream No. exploration of the ocean reflect China's growing capabilities in scientific exploration and innovation [2]. Group 4: Future Directions - Transitioning from an education power to an education stronghold requires a deep understanding of the needs of modernization in education, technology, and talent [3]. - The focus should shift from merely measuring academic performance to fostering innovative and critical thinking skills among students [3]. Group 5: Long-term Vision - The article suggests that the answer to the "Qian Xuesen Question" lies not in specific achievements but in the potential of millions of young students, emphasizing the importance of nurturing an environment conducive to talent development [4]. - It posits that the question may not have a definitive answer, serving as a continuous measure of each generation's responsibility to cultivate talent [4].