克服南北国际运输走廊的基础设施阻碍和限制

Core Insights - The North-South International Transport Corridor (INSTC) is a crucial logistics route connecting Northern Europe with the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean countries, bypassing the Suez Canal, and has seen accelerated development due to recent international dynamics [1][10][11] - The corridor consists of three branches: the West Line (land route from Russia to Iran via Azerbaijan), the East Line (land route from Russia through Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan to Iran), and the Caspian Sea Line (multimodal transport) [1][10][11] - Significant growth in transport metrics is expected, with total cargo volume projected to increase from 19 million tons in 2022 to 26.9 million tons by 2024, with rail transport being a major contributor [20][24] Structure of the Corridor - The INSTC comprises three main routes: - West Line: Approximately 3,000 km from Astrakhan to Abbas Port [1][14] - East Line: Approximately 4,000 km from Russia through Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan to Iran [1][16] - Caspian Sea Line: Approximately 2,800 km utilizing both land and sea routes [1][16] Transport Metrics - Cargo volume increased by 18% from 2022 to 2023, reaching 22.6 million tons, with a further projected increase of 19% to 26.9 million tons in 2024 [20][22] - Rail transport accounted for a significant portion of the cargo, with 1,290 million tons expected by the end of 2024 [20][24] Cost and Time Efficiency - The INSTC offers a more cost-effective and time-efficient alternative to traditional routes, with transport from Mumbai to Moscow being 40-50% faster and 40-55% cheaper [44][46] - Specific cost comparisons indicate that transporting one ton of cargo via the West Line costs €479 with a delivery time of 21-28 days, while the East Line costs €500 with a delivery time of 27-32 days [47] Trade Dynamics - Trade between Russia and India has surged, with exports to India increasing by 671.3% from 2021 to 2023, reaching $67 billion [52][55] - The primary exports from Russia to India include crude oil, coal, and fertilizers, with significant growth in these categories observed [58][60][72] Infrastructure Challenges - The corridor faces infrastructure limitations, including railway gauge differences and delays at border crossings, which hinder its full potential [2][10] - Specific issues include insufficient rail capacity on the West Line and low port throughput on the Caspian Sea Line [2][10] Future Projections - The INSTC is expected to become a vital transport corridor in Eurasia, with projected cargo volumes potentially reaching 32-35 million tons by 2030 and 75 million tons by 2040 [24][29]