经济学家解读2025上半年中国经济关键词（经济形势理性看）

Core Viewpoint - China's economy has shown strong vitality and resilience in the first half of the year, with a GDP growth of 5.3%, positioning it as a leader among major economies despite global uncertainties [3][4]. Economic Performance - The GDP growth of 5.3% in the first half of the year reflects China's robust economic performance amid complex international conditions [3][4]. - The social retail sales increased by 5.0%, indicating a positive consumer sentiment [5]. - Exports grew by 7.2%, with high-end equipment exports increasing by over 20% [5]. Policy Measures - The Chinese government has implemented proactive fiscal and monetary policies to stabilize the economy, including measures to boost domestic demand and support key industries [4][5]. - Policies such as the replacement of old consumer goods and infrastructure investment have contributed to economic stability [5]. Technological Innovation - The manufacturing sector has seen significant growth, with high-tech manufacturing value added increasing by 9.5% [7]. - R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP reached nearly 2.7%, surpassing the EU average, which supports innovation and digital transformation [5][9]. Domestic Market Dynamics - The domestic market's vastness provides significant resilience, with consumption in lower-tier cities showing strong growth potential [11]. - The contribution of domestic demand to GDP growth was 68.8%, highlighting the importance of internal circulation [16]. International Trade - Despite global trade challenges, China's foreign trade maintained a strong performance, with imports and exports exceeding 10 trillion yuan for nine consecutive quarters [13]. - The export of machinery and electrical products grew by 9.5%, indicating a shift towards high-value and green products [13]. Corporate Environment - The number of business entities in China exceeded 191 million, reflecting a stable business environment and increased entrepreneurial activity [20]. - Enterprises are increasingly focusing on innovation and adapting to market demands, with significant growth in exports from private and foreign enterprises [22]. Social Welfare and Economic Growth - The government has prioritized social welfare, with social security and employment expenditures increasing by 9.2% [26]. - The per capita disposable income of residents grew by 5.4%, contributing to improved consumer confidence and spending [27].