三大因素催人老，除了吸烟，另外两个你可能想不到

Group 1 - The core idea of the research is to identify environmental factors that accelerate biological aging, revealing that smoking, cadmium, and lead are significant contributors to accelerated aging [1][7][13]. - The study utilized two main research tools: exposome analysis and epigenetic clocks to assess the relationship between environmental chemicals and aging [4][5][6]. Group 2 - The exposome encompasses all environmental exposures from conception to death, influencing gene expression and aging speed [4]. - The epigenetic clocks measure biological age and health risks, with the second generation predicting health risks and the third generation measuring the speed of aging [5][6]. Group 3 - High levels of cotinine, a marker for tobacco exposure, correlate with increased biological aging, with each standard deviation increase in cotinine accelerating the death risk clock by 1.40 years [10][11]. - Cadmium is identified as the primary environmental factor accelerating biological aging, with each standard deviation increase in serum cadmium leading to significant increases in both death risk clocks [14][16]. Group 4 - Lead exposure is linked to accelerated aging, with each standard deviation increase in blood lead levels resulting in notable increases in death risk clocks [20][21]. - Interestingly, exposure to certain toxic chemicals like dioxins and PCBs was found to correlate with a decrease in epigenetic aging, suggesting a complex relationship between exposure and biological age [22][23]. Group 5 - The study highlights the importance of socioeconomic status and dietary choices in influencing aging speed, with higher income and better food choices associated with slower biological aging [26][27]. - The findings suggest that individuals can manage their aging process by making informed lifestyle choices, such as quitting smoking and diversifying their diet [28][29].