需重视银行净息差收窄的挑战

Core Viewpoint - The narrowing of net interest margin (NIM) poses significant challenges to the sustainable development of the banking industry, reflecting a downward trend that has persisted for five consecutive years, with the average NIM of 58 listed banks dropping to 1.52% in 2024 and further declining to 1.43% in the first quarter of this year [1][2]. Factors Influencing NIM - Multiple factors contribute to the decline in NIM, including global economic growth challenges, asymmetric interest rate policies during active monetary policy implementation, intensified competition among banks leading to "price wars," and the differentiated impacts of banks' business structures and strategies [2][3]. Implications of NIM Decline - The decline in NIM affects not only the banking sector but also the overall stability of the financial industry. It necessitates banks to enhance asset-liability management strategies focused on NIM and capital returns, while also increasing pressure on capital replenishment for smaller banks [3][4]. Recommendations for Banks - Banks should improve asset-liability and cost-revenue management capabilities by optimizing their asset-liability structure and enhancing non-interest income through wealth management and other light-capital businesses. They should also focus on risk management capabilities to better handle macroeconomic fluctuations and reduce exposure to high-risk areas [4][5]. International Experience and Strategies - Internationally, banks facing NIM challenges have adopted common strategies, such as expanding into international markets to gain competitive advantages and optimizing regulatory policies to provide banks with the necessary space for transformation and adjustment [5][6].