助贷新规大限临近，谁在借36%的“高”利贷？

Core Viewpoint - The new regulations on internet lending by commercial banks, set to be fully implemented by October 1, aim to reshape the lending industry through "penetrating supervision," requiring all service fees to be included in the borrower's comprehensive financing costs, directly impacting the controversial interest rate range of 24% to 36% [2][12]. Group 1: Borrowers and Their Characteristics - The borrower demographic primarily consists of young individuals aged 25 to 35, particularly those born in the 1990s, who often face unstable incomes and pressing financial obligations such as rent and emergency expenses [5][6]. - Many borrowers are classified as "grey credit" individuals or small business owners with credit issues, making them ineligible for traditional bank loans [6]. - A significant portion of borrowers comes from second and third-tier cities, with a majority holding a college degree or lower, indicating a lack of financial literacy and reliance on lending platforms [6][8]. Group 2: Borrowing Needs and Market Dynamics - The primary borrowing needs stem from urgent financial pressures, with 52% of stable employment individuals and 69% of flexible employment individuals reporting difficulties in obtaining loans [7]. - There is a notable imbalance in supply and demand for loans among small businesses, with 66% expressing a need for loans but only 21% receiving support from banks [8]. - The existence of the 36% interest rate is seen as a "risk pricing" mechanism for high-risk borrowers, reflecting the challenges they face in accessing traditional financial services [8]. Group 3: Regulatory Implications and Industry Concerns - The impending regulations raise concerns about a potential "one-size-fits-all" approach that could push borrowers towards higher-risk underground lending options, exacerbating their financial burdens [12][14]. - Many small businesses and individuals rely on the 24% to 36% interest rate range as a last resort; cutting off this legal channel may lead them to seek out unregulated intermediaries [14][15]. - The regulatory changes could significantly impact mid-tier lending platforms that depend on the higher interest rate range for their operations, potentially leading to business closures and liquidity risks for banks involved in lending [17][18]. Group 4: Addressing Industry Malpractices - The high interest rates, while serving a purpose, have led to numerous consumer complaints regarding misleading advertising and hidden fees, necessitating regulatory intervention to address these issues [21][22]. - Recommendations for regulation include mandatory disclosure of comprehensive annualized interest rates, clear contract management, and restrictions on misleading advertising practices [23]. - Establishing a dynamic regulatory mechanism is essential to monitor borrower demographics and default rates, ensuring that high-risk borrowers are not disproportionately affected by the new regulations [23][24].