机器人零部件最高技术壁垒的行星滚柱丝杠，神秘在哪里？

Core Insights - The core component of humanoid robots is the planetary roller screw, which costs over 10,000 yuan per unit and accounts for 19% of the total machine value, directly influencing joint performance [1][3] - The planetary roller screw is essential for converting linear motion to rotational motion, functioning similarly to a planetary gearbox [3][6] Industry Overview - The planetary roller screw is widely used in industrial automation, CNC machine tools, aerospace, and automotive manufacturing [3] - The upstream supply chain primarily uses alloy structural steel for screws, while nuts and rollers are made from high-carbon chromium bearing steel, with current market prices exceeding 5,000 yuan per ton for foreign materials and over 10,000 yuan per ton for domestic materials [3][6] Technological Advancements - The demand for high precision, response speed, and reliability in humanoid robots necessitates technological upgrades in materials, processes, and patents for planetary roller screws [9][11] - Chinese companies are leading in patent applications, accounting for 44% of the total, indicating a significant growth phase in the domestic planetary roller screw industry [11][12] Market Dynamics - The market for planetary roller screws in China is projected to reach 1.313 billion yuan in 2024, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 19.26% [13] - The global market is dominated by German company Schaeffler, with significant shares held by Swiss and Swedish subsidiaries, while domestic manufacturers are still in the R&D or small-scale verification stages [12][15] Policy Support - The Chinese government is actively supporting the development of humanoid robots, with guidelines aiming for an 80% domestic market share in high-end functional components by 2025 [9][10]