俄罗斯为什么不愿意开发远东？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the geographical and demographic structure of Russia, emphasizing the strategic importance of the Far East region and the challenges it faces in terms of development and political control [1][21][50]. Group 1: Geographical Structure - Russia's land structure resembles a tadpole, with its "head" in the East European Plain and a long "tail" extending to the Far East [1]. - Major cities in the East European Plain include Moscow, which has over 10 million residents, and other significant cities like St. Petersburg, Minsk, and Kyiv, which were part of the Soviet Union [2][3]. - East of Moscow, important cities are distributed along the railway, including Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Yekaterinburg, and Novosibirsk, which serve as strategic backbones [5][13]. Group 2: Demographics and Economic Potential - The Far East region has a low population density, with only 6.3 million people, accounting for less than 5% of Russia's total population [21]. - Despite its vast land and rich natural resources, the Far East has not developed economically as expected, with significant investments and development plans often failing to materialize [22][25]. - The distance between Moscow and the Far East is approximately 7,000 kilometers, with a weak railway connection that takes about a week for transport, highlighting a significant geographical divide [38]. Group 3: Political and Strategic Considerations - The Russian government has historically been cautious about allowing the Far East to develop too rapidly due to fears of creating a separate political power base that could challenge Moscow's authority [37][40]. - The region's economy has been dominated by military industries, reflecting a mindset focused on self-sufficiency and defense against perceived threats from neighboring countries [28][31]. - The lack of substantial national investment in the Far East, despite its strategic importance, is seen as a method of maintaining control and preventing the region from becoming too autonomous [43][50].