地下两万米处，藏着可供人类用数十万年的无尽能源？美国正在开发

Group 1 - The article discusses the potential of geothermal energy as a long-term energy source, suggesting that the Earth's internal heat could provide energy for hundreds of thousands of years if properly harnessed [1][3][5] - Current global oil reserves are estimated to last for about 50 years at the current consumption rate, highlighting the urgency for alternative energy sources [1][3] - The Earth's core contains immense heat generated from its formation and radioactive decay, which could theoretically sustain energy production for approximately 2.3 billion years [7][9] Group 2 - The article mentions that the United States is developing new technologies, such as microwave drilling, to access geothermal energy located 20,000 meters underground, which has historically been challenging due to high temperatures and rock hardness [13][17][19] - Companies like Quis Energy and Fervo Energy are leading efforts in geothermal energy extraction, with promising results from their experimental projects [19][21] - China also has significant geothermal resources, accounting for one-sixth of the global total, with ongoing projects in regions like Tibet and Yunnan [21][25] Group 3 - The article outlines three major challenges in accessing geothermal energy: the hardness of underground rock, environmental impacts, and economic viability [26][29][31] - Concerns about the sustainability of geothermal extraction practices are raised, including potential environmental degradation and the economic feasibility of energy production [29][31][33] - The International Energy Agency predicts that geothermal energy could meet about 20% of global electricity demand by 2050, with China likely playing a significant role in this transition [35][37]