高温经济学

Group 1 - The phenomenon of heatwaves has become a normalized trend globally, posing threats to human health, economic security, and ecological systems [3][7] - Human activities, particularly greenhouse gas emissions since the Industrial Revolution, are identified as the primary drivers of extreme temperature changes [4][5] - In China, the average number of high-temperature days has increased by 25% over the past decade, with extreme heat events evolving into continuous compound disasters [6][24] Group 2 - High temperatures have led to significant income losses globally, with potential labor hours and income losses reaching new highs [8] - Direct impacts of extreme heat on the economy include physical shocks to production systems, such as industrial power restrictions and increased logistics costs due to lower water levels [9][10] - Indirect impacts manifest through supply chain disruptions and rising food inflation due to agricultural losses and transportation issues [10][11] Group 3 - The tourism industry is experiencing shifts, with a decrease in visitors to traditional scenic spots and an increase in demand for summer retreat destinations, as temperatures rise [13][15] - Historical data indicates that for every 1°C increase in temperature, tourist arrivals decrease by approximately 8.1%, leading to a 6% reduction in tourism revenue [13] Group 4 - The extreme heat has stimulated demand for renewable energy installations, particularly solar power, as high temperatures coincide with peak electricity demand [22] - Collaborative mechanisms between climate and energy departments are being established to predict and manage electricity demand during heatwaves [18][19] - The pressure from high temperatures is accelerating the development of smart energy networks and the adoption of heat-resistant materials in coastal regions [25][21] Group 5 - Different regions in China face unique challenges and opportunities in responding to high temperatures, with coastal areas focusing on high-tech solutions and the central and western regions addressing agricultural water shortages [24][26] - Infrastructure improvements, such as urban planning and agricultural adaptations, are essential to mitigate the impacts of extreme heat on economic development [27][29] - Learning from international experiences, China can enhance its agricultural resilience through drought-resistant crop varieties and innovative insurance mechanisms [31][36]